Analysis of Influencing Factor for Rear-end Crash on Toll Road: An Examination Using Self-reported Questionnaires

Background Rear-end crashes on toll roads have been a significant issue in Indonesia. This type of crash exists and needs a mitigation strategy. However, limited research exists examining the mechanism and contributing factors of these crashes in Indonesia. This research aimed to describe how rear-end crashes have occurred on toll roads in Indonesia, describe associated risk factors, develop a model for assessing the risk of rear-end crashes on Indonesian toll roads and identify potential mitigation strategies. Materials and Methods A questionnaire was developed and assessed for validity and reliability. It was distributed (online) to 220 drivers who had experienced a rear-end crash or near-crash in the past year. Results The findings from this study showed that contributing factors are driver (55%), environment (33%), and vehicle (12%). Subject vehicles usually consisted of private vehicles, while the lead (struck) vehicles included private vehicles (91.8%), trucks (7.27%), and buses (0.93%). Discussion This study also found two phenomena of local unique behavior in Indonesian toll roads that lead to rear-end crashes, such as “Lane Hogger” and driving under the speed limit (trucks) that lead other vehicles to rear-end crashes. Conclusion Factors contributing to rear-crash risk on Indonesian toll roads were driving experience (ownership driving license 15-20 years), breaking driving rules, driving in the right lane, and using an MPV. The findings from this study can improve potential mitigation strategies, including developing focused driving rules, traffic signs on toll roads, and crash avoidance technology.