An Ontology for In‐Depth Description of User Situations in Connected Environments

ABSTRACT Context‐awareness is increasingly recognised as a fundamental principle in the development of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence. By leveraging contextual data about users and their environments, systems can gain a deeper understanding of the evolving user situation. This empowers them to dynamically adapt their operations, leading to optimised resource utilisation, enhanced decision‐making, and ultimately, greater user satisfaction. However, a critical challenge lies in effectively representing user situations with a high degree of expressiveness. While ontology‐based data models have emerged as a promising approach due to their ability to handle the inherent heterogeneity of context information, existing ontologies have limitations in terms of information coverage, data heterogeneity and uncertainties consideration, and reusability across various application domains. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing uCSN, an ontology that builds upon and extends the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV), Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) and W3C Uncertainty ontologies, to provide a rich and expressive vocabulary for representing diverse user situations. We evaluate uCSN based on its consistency, accuracy, clarity and performance.