Enhancing River Channel Dimension Estimation: A Machine Learning Approach Leveraging the National Water Model, Hydrographic Networks, and Landscape Characteristics

Abstract Knowledge of bankfull hydraulic geometry represents an essential requirement for various applications, including accurate flood prediction, hydrological routing, river behavior analysis, river management and engineering practices, water resource management, and beyond. Our work builds upon an extensive body of literature about estimating bankfull top‐width and depth at ungauged locations to enhance the understanding of observable factors that affect these parameters. Using more than 200,000 USGS Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) records, we developed a method employing machine learning (ML) using discharge estimates and landscape characteristics from sources, including the National Water Model (NWM), the National Hydrologic Geospatial Fabric network (NHGF), the EPA stream characteristic data set (StreamCat), and an array of satellite and reanalysis data products. Our method achieved log‐transformed R 2 = 0.8 predicting bankfull depth ( R 2 = 0.77 for in‐channel conditions) and R 2 = 0.76 predicting bankfull top‐width ( R 2 = 0.66 for in‐channel conditions) in the testing data set. The depth and width predictions showed lowest skill in mountainous and plateau regions. Our analysis demonstrates the benefit of data‐driven modeling in contrast to other global scaling‐based or regional statistical methods. In summary, our study illustrates how top‐width and depth can be better predicted using ML, reanalysis streamflow simulations, hydrographic networks, and summarized geospatial data.