Exploring Cognitive and Behavioral Changes Related to Smoking Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

<i>Background and Objectives:</i> This study aims to determine smoking patterns, prevalence, and associated factors among medical students in Jeddah, focusing on experimentation, daily smoking, cessation efforts, awareness of health risks, and attitudes toward quitting. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from September to November 2023. It involved 213 medical students, from the second to sixth year, enrolled in various universities. Data collection utilized a comprehensive questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization's questionnaire and enhanced with additional relevant items by the researchers. The questionnaire, comprising eight sections, was administered online over a three-month period. <i>Results</i>: About 30.8% reported ever smoking, with 21.6% currently smoking. Among ever-smokers, 43.1% began smoking during college, mostly in the second year. Stress, exploration, and peer influence were frequent reasons for initiating smoking during college years. About 32.3% never considered quitting, while 67.7% thought about it. Regarding quit attempts, 53.8% attempted seriously, and 5.3% quit in the last year. Protective factors against smoking included health concerns and setting a good example. Most participants recognized smoking-related health hazards, with strong consensus on the effectiveness of anti-smoking measures. Notably, many participants expressed proactive attitudes toward smoking cessation interventions. <i>Conclusions</i>: Smoking is prevalent among Saudi medical students, often starting in college due to stress, new experiences, and peer influence. Many consider quitting, probably supported by the educational environment and a sense of responsibility toward personal and public health. Strengthened educational frameworks, including stress management training, are crucial for fostering a health-focused professional identity.