Cyclophosphamide Induced Immunosuppression, Hepatotoxicity And Spleen Damage, And The Protective Effects Of Ginger Against Its Side Effects

Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapy belonging to the oxazaphosporines group. It is a famous drug used for cancer treatment and for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, it can affect the immune system of the body. Cyclophosphamide has shown serious side effects. It causes elevation in the inflammatory mediators which can lead to tissue damage such as liver and spleen. Ginger is a famous spice which are being used worldwide. It has strong bioactive effects such as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the current work is to estimate and evaluate the cyclophosphamide-induced deterioration of some immunological factors, hepatotoxicity, spleen damage, and effects of ginger to ameliorate the immune system and to protect the liver and spleen from the cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity and spleen damage. The current results showed that ginger could reverse the cyclophosphamide-induced changes of immune factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, liver and spleen damage, as well as hematological parameters and improving both structural and functional deteriorations of the liver and spleen of cyclophosphamide-treated animals. Thus, we suggest that ginger can be used as a successful potential protective agent against cyclophosphamide-induced side effects.