The golden discovery of camelina sativa: a pivotal study of ıts unique components and its multiple uses in various applications in science and industry

The increase in the global population causes a rapid increase in environmental pollution and energy consumption. Countries aim to increase the use of alternative energy sources as fossil fuels are limited and not universally accessible when generating their energy. In addition, research in the biofuels industry is expanding to include research on the use of vegetable oils as fuel. Camelina serves as a perfect illustration because of its abundant nutrients. Camelina, known as Camelina sativa L. Crantz, is a member of the cruciferous family and has been grown for its valuable characteristics for many centuries. Camelina seeds contain high levels of both protein (27-32%) and oil (38-43%). Camelina oil is rich in various components like phytosterols, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and fatty acids, with omega-3 and omega-6 being the key ones. In the field of agriculture, growing this crop is appealing because it has a brief growing period and requires little water and fertilizers. Camelina is well-suited for arid regions because of its ability to withstand dry conditions and low temperatures. Due to its economic importance and easy cultivation in recent years, Camelina has many applications such as biofuel, food, agriculture, animal feed, cosmetics, and medicine. For example, Camelina is grown in the United States and Europe as a valuable crop that can be used to replace existing fuels. Future research aims to enhance its agricultural characteristics and view it as a substitute for existing fuels. This review focuses on the camelina plant, its oil, components, and properties, as well as its use in areas such as food, biofuels, animal feed, and agrochemicals.