Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with functional ovarian cysts (Retrospective study)

Ovarian cysts are common in young women of reproductive age. It is estimated that around 7% of women worldwide experience a symptomatic cyst during their lifetime. Functional ovarian cysts (FOCs) occupy one of the leading places in the structure of gynecological diseases (45-55%) in women of reproductive age. Functional cysts are not true neoplasms and are considered as a variant of a normal physiological process.Ovarian retention formations are found in 7.8% of clinically healthy women and in every second (52.3%) patient with lower abdominal pain or menstrual cycle disorders. Studies of FOCs have mainly concerned cysts that arose after ovulation induction, studies of spontaneous follicular cysts are limited, the question of the effect of FOCs on fertility and ovarian reserve is debated.The objective: to analyze the management of patients with FOCs in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. A retrospective case-control cohort study was conducted with the participation of 350 women aged 19 to 39 years who were diagnosed with ovarian neoplasms between 2020 and 2022. Complaints, anamnesis data, applied methods of diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms were analyzed. Results. According to clinical data, the cases were divided into 3 groups. The I group included 122 (34.9%) women in whom, in the absence of symptoms and complaints, ovarian neoplasms were detected for the first time during pelvic ultrasound.The II group consisted of 116 (33.1%) female patients, who for the first time applied for an examination due to complaints of periodic unilateral pain of various nature, a feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen.The III group included 112 (32.0%) women who were urgently hospitalized with complaints of acute pain and pressure in the lower abdomen, bloating, weakness, dizziness. Among the patients of this group, 53 (47.3%) women had ovarian neoplasms diagnosed earlier (within 2.6±0.7 years).Among the studied cohort, according to ultrasound data, functional (follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts) ovarian cysts were verified among the detected neoplasms in 253 (72.3%) women.Conclusions. The prevalence of functional ovarian cysts in women that do not have clinical manifestations as ultrasound findings is 78.7%, among them follicular cysts predominate (66.4%). Infertility occurs in 23.8% of asymptomatic women with functional ovarian cysts. In 34.5% of women with functional ovarian cysts who have clinical symptoms, menstrual cycle disorders prevail.