Transparent Oceans: Intelligence for Bering Sea Ecosystems from Interactive Data-Model Fusion

The Bering Sea is critical for food production and biodiversity: it is home to one of the largest commercial fisheries in the world [1] and it contains habitats for dozens of species that are vulnerable, imperiled, or critically imperiled [2]. However, the Bering Sea is undergoing rapid and pronounced warming [3]–[5] that not only impacts its fisheries [6] and biodiversity, but that also has an outsized impact on the heat distribution around the world [7]. A deeper understanding of the Bering Sea-including its temperature and nutrient distribution, circulation, commercial fish populations, and invasive species-is central to managing and preserving its ecosystem services [8]. To support a deeper understanding, we are executing a project called Transparent Oceans (TO), which aims to create actionable intelligence for ecosystem management by integrating diverse-and often sparse-ocean data and model outputs.