Developing a Framework to Understand Blockchain Integration in Supply Chains: A Comprehensive Study at Global, Business, and Consumer Levels

This paper delves into the impact of blockchain technology on three levels of supply chain integration: Global Integration, Business-to-Business Integration, and Customer-Centric Integration. The proposed framework examines how blockchain aids in transitioning from conventional models to targeted frameworks that address various scales and complexities. For Global Integration, blockchain enhances international coordination, improves shipment traceability, and streamlines customs processes, while dealing with the challenge of diverse regulations. In Business-to-Business Integration, blockchain connects domestic businesses by automating contracts and enhancing supply verification, though the integration of legacy systems and standardization within the industry remain significant challenges. Customer-Centric Integration targets end customers and delivery agents, aiming to enhance customer experience and service transparency from production to delivery, while addressing issues like customer privacy and last-mile delivery complexities. This study highlights blockchain's ability to provide customized security and traceability solutions for different operational scales. By examining these implementations, the paper outlines the broad capabilities of blockchain and its specific applications in supply chain management. Each type presents distinct benefits and unique challenges that must be addressed to fully harness blockchain's potential. This comprehensive analysis lays the groundwork for further research into the operational details and potential solutions for each type of integration, encouraging deeper exploration of their specific challenges.