Restoring Marine Dead Zones by Deep Oxygen Injection Supplied by Green Hydrogen Electrolysis

Marine dead and oxygen deficit zones are a growing problem worldwide. Current regulatory frameworks envision remediation through reducing nutrient inputs that grow excess phytoplankton. The logic of these frameworks is that reduction of nutrients will curtail phytoplankton growth. Decay of phytoplankton settled to the bottom consumes dissolved oxygen (DO). Density stratification under thermoclines or haloclines prevents vertical circulation of the water column. When there is also excessive phytoplankton loading of sediments, oxygen deficits, hypoxia, or anoxia will occur in stratified bottom waters.