Paediatric brain lesions: a study of space-occupying conditions

Background: Intracranial space-occupying lesions (ICSOL) in children, encompassing neoplastic and inflammatory origins, pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Modern imaging techniques like CT and MRI have revolutionized the understanding and management of ICSOL, altering their clinical presentation. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology, clinical presentation, etiology, treatment modalities and outcomes of ICSOL in pediatric patients. Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted on pediatric patients diagnosed with ICSOL, utilizing medical records from a tertiary care hospital. Data regarding demographics, clinical symptoms, imaging findings, treatment modalities, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: In this study on space-occupying lesions (SOL) in pediatric patients, revealing a diverse distribution across different age groups. Arachnoid cysts were the most prevalent, followed by hydrocephalus, hematomas, and tuberculomas. Clinical presentations varied widely, with Headache, Seizures and altered sensorium in limbs being the most common symptoms. Treatment approaches ranged from surgical resection or fenestration for arachnoid cysts to specific therapies such as ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for hydrocephalus and antitubercular therapy for tuberculomas. Outcomes varied by lesion type, with some cases showing improvement, stability or worsening post-treatment. Conclusions: The study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of space-occupying lesions in children. Arachnoid cysts emerged as the predominant lesion type, while hydrocephalus, hematomas and tuberculomas were also notable. Understanding these factors is crucial for early diagnosis, effective management and improved outcomes in pediatric patients with brain lesions.