Research progress of coalbed methane extraction

Coalbed methane (CBM) is a plentiful resource, widely distributed across the globe. Developing CBM can reduce dependence on traditional fuels and has the potential to lower carbon emissions. However, CBM extraction faces numerous challenges, including reservoir damage during fracturing, water resource management, and environmental protection. This paper aims to review the current status and trends in CBM extraction, comparing the differences in reservoir characteristics, pore structure, mechanical properties, and gas migration between deep and shallow coal seams. Additionally, it reviews current methods for shallow coal seam development and the types and performance of fracturing fluids used in deep CBM extraction. The paper also summarizes the damage mechanisms of different types of fracturing fluids and concludes with a discussion on future prospects for deep CBM development. • A comprehensive review of recent advancements and development directions in coalbed methane (CBM) extraction. • An overview of the differences in reservoir characteristics at varying coal seam depths. • An analysis of the current applications and development trends of fracturing fluids in deep coal reservoirs. • A summary of the current challenges in deep coalbed methane (DCBM) extraction, along with an outlook on future development trends in DCBM.