Analysis of Genetic Variability, Trait Relationships, and Yield Determinants in Soybean

Aim: This study was conducted to enhance soybean yield by evaluating genetic variability, heritability, and trait correlations among 52 advanced breeding lines. Study Design: A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to assess key traits, including plant height, primary branches, nodes per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, flowering duration, maturity duration, and yield per plant. Place and Duration of Study: Trials were carried out during the Kharif season of 2023 at the N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Methodology and Results: High genetic coefficients of variation and heritability for pods per plant and yield per plant indicate their strong genetic control and potential for selection, which was carried out in 52 genotypes. Correlation analysis identified pods per plant as the most influential trait associated with yield, making it a critical selection criterion. Path analysis further highlighted its direct positive impact on yield, while seeds per pod and days to maturity also contributed positively. Complex indirect effects of traits like nodes per plant and days to flowering emphasize the need for a balanced selection approach. Conclusion: These findings provide a comprehensive framework for optimizing selection strategies in soybean breeding programs, contributing to the development of high-yielding varieties.