Protective Role of Antioxidants in Cadmium-induced Reproductive Toxicity

Background: Studies on the role of oxidative stress in cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity have prompted numerous investigations into the use of antioxidants against reproductive toxicity. Natural compounds including curcumin and resveratrol have proven to be effective in mitigating oxidative damage. Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSC), is known for its abundance in antioxidant profile and has shown considerable protective effects against toxicity from heavy metals like cadmium. This current study seeks to uncover the mechanism behind which ZSC antioxidant properties protect against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity. Methods: ZSC extract was prepared by harvesting, drying and processing the plant’s leaves. In-vivo experimental design was carried out, 24 rats were grouped in four groups: control group, ZSC treated group, Cadmium induced group and ZSC treated Cadmium induced group. To examine the oxidative stress, markers such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test to evaluate group differences. Result: Cadmium exposure led to a significantly decrease in catalase and SOD activities, alongside an increase in MDA levels, indicating an increased oxidative stress. Treatment with ZSC effectively restored these parameters towards normal levels, demonstrating its potent antioxidant activity. Interestingly, Females responded slightly better than males, suggesting a possible gender-specific effects. The observed reduction in cortisol levels further confirmed ZSC’s stress-reducing properties. These findings align with earlier studies on ZSC’s antioxidant and protective properties.