A Comparative Analysis of Total Thyroidectomy and Lobectomy as Surgical Approaches in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery

Background: Many surgical procedures are required for thyroid diseases, with total thyroidectomy and lobectomy emerging as the two main techniques. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between clinical and demographic factors and the surgical management option selected for patients having thyroid surgery. Methodology: Patients who had thyroid surgery were categorized into groups for complete thyroidectomy and lobectomy based on a retrospective analysis. Age, gender, BMI, place of residence, length of stay, hospital stay, and comorbidities such ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus were among the factors looked at. Chi-square tests were used to examine the relationships between these variables and the type of operation, and p-values were computed. Result: Age, BMI, length of hospital stay, and diabetes mellitus did not significantly differ between the groups receiving total thyroidectomy and lobectomy, according to the research. Nonetheless, there was a tendency towards significance in terms of gender, with more men having complete thyroidectomies. Living in a rural area was significantly correlated with having a lobectomy, and being in the 1-3 month range was significantly correlated with having a total thyroidectomy. There was a trend towards significance in ischemic heart disease, indicating a possible correlation with the kind of surgery. Conclusion: The parameters impacting the decision between a lobectomy and a complete thyroidectomy are clarified by this study. Gender, residence, duration, and ischemic heart disease showed significant relationships, while age, BMI, hospital stay, and diabetes mellitus did not significantly influence the decision. Additional investigation into these patterns may lead to more individualized surgical approaches for thyroid conditions, improving clinical judgment in thyroid surgery and improving patient outcomes.