Effect of Dentin Bio‐Modifiers Grape Seed Extract, Hesperidin on Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Assessment

Investigation of different collagen cross-linking (CCL) agents, grape seed extract (GSE), Hesperidin (Hes), and rose bengal photosensitizer (RBP) on shear bond strength (SBS) and marginal leakage (ML) of composite bonded to carious affected dentin (CAD). Sixty-eight human molars in which carious lesions up to the middle third of the dentin were included. CAD was made flat followed by acid etching. Teeth were allocated randomly into four groups based on the application of CCL agents. Group 1: no CCL agent, Groups 2-4 samples treated with CCL agents. Bonding of adhesive and composite was performed followed by artificial aging. ML assessment was performed using a dye penetration test. SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine followed by failure mode analysis. Analysis of the resin CAD interface with SEM was performed to identify the resin tag. For group comparisons, one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were used. The length and number of resin tags in GSE and Hes groups were greater than in the control and RBP. Furthermore, samples treated with GSE presented the highest scores of SBS and lowest ML. The control group presented the lowest bond integrity and highest ML. GSE and Hes positively influenced both SBS and ML.