ДУХОВНА ОСВІТА В ЧЕСЬКІЙ ТА НІМЕЦЬКІЙ СПІЛЬНОТАХ ВОЛИНІ У ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

The paper characterizes the peculiarities of the spiritual education of children and youth of the Czech and German communities of Volyn in the 19th – at the beginning of the 20th century. It was established that in these communities only the primary and non-institutional (religion education in families and thanks to the activities of public educational societies) level of spiritual educational institutions was represented. It was determined that the most important feature of the German community in Volyn was its socio-cultural isolation, as a result of which the model of German schooling (primary and secondary level) developed by the colonists was based on the Lutheran or Roman Catholic religion followed by the Germans of Volyn. Throughout the entire period of their stay in the Volyn region, the German colonists relied on religion and the church in the education and upbringing of children, therefore the entire process of education was characterized by a spiritual and religious character. In German parochial schools, children studied, in addition to purely religious disciplines, Latin and German, arithmetic, writing, geography, history, music and singing. However, the imperial authorities made sure that secular subjects were taught in russian; it was also one of the main subjects in colonial schools. It has been proven that religious practices played an important role in the schooling of German colonists: the whole Sabbath day was devoted to the so-called «confirmation instructions», i.e. reading and discussing religious texts; Sunday, in addition, included «reading services» and various religious rites - christenings, visits to the elderly and the sick, confession and communion. It was established that spiritual education in the primary schools of the Czech community in Volyn consisted of the study of russian-czech writing, reading in russian and Czech, russian history, arithmetic, sacred history, and prayers. During the 19th century, most Czech schools were transformed into russian parochial schools, and Czech churches became Orthodox churches.