Gains and losses: a phenomenographic study on adolescents’ understanding of isolation due to COVID-19

Purpose This study aims to explore the various ways Filipino adolescents understand their experiences of isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on their perceptions of gains and losses during prolonged quarantine. Design/methodology/approach A phenomenographic approach was used, involving semi-structured interviews with 17 adolescents aged 16–19 years from a private senior high school in the Philippines. Data were collected through online surveys and virtual interviews, analyzed to identify categories of understanding and construct an outcome space. Findings Adolescents perceive isolation in three primary ways: as a constraint, a necessity and an opportunity. These perceptions reveal a hierarchy of expanding awareness impacting their physical, emotional and social well-being. Isolation as a constraint highlighted limitations and losses, as a necessity emphasized safety and rational acceptance and as an opportunity focused on personal growth and strengthened relationships. Research limitations/implications The qualitative nature and specific demographic focus limit generalizability. The findings provide valuable insights for understanding adolescent experiences and can inform targeted interventions to support their emotional well-being during and post-isolation. Practical implications Programs and interventions designed based on these findings can help adolescents cope with negative emotions associated with isolation, promote their well-being and facilitate smoother transitions back to normalcy post-quarantine. Social implications Understanding adolescents’ perspectives on isolation can guide the development of supportive policies and community programs that address their mental health needs and foster resilience in similar future scenarios. Originality/value This study fills a gap in research by providing a detailed phenomenographic analysis of how Filipino adolescents perceive isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering a nuanced understanding of their experiences that can inform both local and broader contexts.