Chemo Embolization of Renal Arteriovenous Fistula Post-Biopsy: A Case Report

Renal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare but significant complications that can arise following renal biopsy. These anomalies can result in symptoms such as hematuria, hypertension, and potentially severe renal impairment if not promptly identified and managed. We report a case of a 34-year-old female who presented with bilateral pedal oedema and frothy urine for three years, with a medical history of systemic hypertension and recurrent miscarriages. Following a renal biopsy, she developed sudden-onset hematuria.Imaging studies confirmed the presence of an AVF. Interventional radiology successfully managed the condition with chemoembolization. Post-procedure, the patient’s hematuria resolved, and she was discharged with stable renal function. This case underscores the efficacy of chemoembolization in treating renal AVFs, highlighting the critical role of interventional radiology in managing vascular complications post-biopsy. This case demonstrates the importance of early diagnosis and prompt intervention in managing renal AVFs post-biopsy. Chemoembolization offers a minimally invasive and effective treatment, ensuring favourable patient outcomes and preventing long-term complications.