Prevalence of Limited Joint Mobility Syndrome in Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by compromised control of blood glucose because of either insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. The condition leads to hyperglycaemia and can eventually result in both microvascular and macrovascular complications, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Limited joint mobility (LJM), a musculoskeletal complication of diabetes, is marked by stiffening and thickening of the peri-articular tissues, primarily affecting the small joints of the hands. LJM, is often asymptomatic in its initial phases and can develop into significant functional impairment, impacting daily activities. The pathophysiology of LJM involves collagen cross-linking, glycosylation of collagen, and microangiopathy, with inadequate glycaemic management being a key risk factor. Early detection, optimal glucose management, and regular stretching exercises are critical in managing and preventing the progression of LJM, ultimately improving patients' quality of life and physical function. Aim: To find Prevalence of limited joint mobility syndrome in diabetes mellitus. Materials and Method: A total 217 subjects between age group 30-70 years having history of diabetes were included in the study. Individuals who were experiencing other orthopedic condition or deformities and the age of whom was below 30 and above 70 were excluded. Assessment by Goniometry, Table top test and Prayer Sign was used as outcome measure. Result: In diabetic population among 217 participants 55 individuals i.e. 25.34% were positive for Table top test and Prayer’s sign. This study shows there is significant limitation in joint mobility of participants who tested positive for Table top test and Prayer’s Sign. Conclusion: The study found that limited joint mobility syndrome is associated with age and diabetes duration. They are often asymptomatic and symptom are seen in late phase. Among 217 participants 80(36.86%) participants between age group 41-50 show higher prevalence of diabetes. Among 217 participants 54 (24.88%) participants whose occupation is corporate worker show higher prevalence of diabetes.98 (45.16%) participants fall under overweight category in accordance to BMI and 55(25.34%) participants show positive sign for table top test and prayers sign while the duration of diabetes of 142 (65.43%) participants is for more than 1 year. The findings of this study indicate that those participants who had positive test results for Table top test and Prayer’s Sign had significant limitation in joint range of motion.