ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ЛЕГКОАТЛЕТІВ УЗМАГАЛЬНІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Sports psychology as a science studies the patterns of mental activity of individuals and teams in the process of sports activities. It is closely related to such sections of psychology as general, pedagogical, age, social, using their data and methods. Sports psychology is an applied science designed to ensure the effectiveness of the educational and training process, the preparation of athletes for competitions and successful performances. The main task of sports psychology is to provide a scientific basis for rational means and methods of physical education and sports training. Sports psychology enriches knowledge of general psychology by developing the following issues: manifestation of personality properties in sports activities; manifestation and development of mental processes during physical exercises; manifestation of mental states and relationships in sports activities. One of the areas of study of the psychological features of sports activity, combining general psychological questions of the theory of activity and its applied aspects, is the development of the problem of the correlation of individuality and the type of sports activity, which considers, in one case, individual psychological differences that affect the development of personality properties and qualities at different stages and periods of sports improvement, the nature and degree of manifestation of sports abilities, the structure and dynamics of the motivation of sports activities. The article substantiates the results of the analysis of literary sources, which talk about the importance of psychological training in the sports activities of track and field athletes. The results of the analysis of the anxiety level of sprinters are presented, as well as the characteristics of the sprinters’ initial states are determined.