Ultrasonic Influence on Germination and Early Growth of Bell Pepper Seeds

This study investigates the impact of varying durations of 40 kHz ultrasound frequency on seed germination parameters, including germination rate, seedling growth, and seedling vigor index (SVI). The results of the germination test revealed no significant effects (p>0.05) on the germination rate of bell pepper seeds in sand, while under ideal conditions, significant changes (P<0.05) were observed, indicating an accelerated germination rate due to ultrasound treatment. Specifically, T2 (10 mins exposure) showed the highest germination rate under ideal conditions, suggesting a positive influence of ultrasound on germination. Further exploration of seedling growth parameters demonstrated a distinct response to varying ultrasound durations. Ultrasound treatment significantly influenced (p>0.05) growth parameters. Longer ultrasound exposure enhanced root development, shoot elongation, and an overall increase in total length. The root-shoot length ratio also increased, indicating a favorable impact on seedling vigor. Significant changes (p<0.05) in SVI across all media were observed, emphasizing the role of ultrasound treatment in influencing seedling vigor.