Association of serum HIF-1α levels with coronary artery calcification in patients of non-dialysis chronic kidney disease

Vascular calcification is the main cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study aims to investigate the risk factor affecting coronary artery calcification (CAC), and the relationship between serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) levels and CAC in non-dialysis CKD patients. One hundred and twenty-three patients were selected in the final analysis. Spearman rank correlation analysis assessed the correlation between HIF-1α levels and CAC scores. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess potential risk variables associated with CAC. A ROC curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of HIF-1α in non-dialysis CKD patients with CAC. Compared to the non-CAC group, the CAC group was older age, with a higher proportion of males, smokers, hypertension and diabetes, lower eGFR and HDL-C, and higher SBP and HIF-1α levels. As the HIF-1α levels went up, the proportion of patients with VC increased, as well as Agatston scores. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that HIF-1α levels were positively correlated with VC and Agatston scores. Logistic regression analysis indicated that being male (OR = 0.242, P = 0.036), older age (OR = 1.093, P < 0.001), and increased HIF-1α levels (OR = 1.002, P = 0.025) were risk factors for the occurrence of CAC. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis determined that a HIF-1α cutoff value of 451.177 pg·mL^-1 provided the best diagnostic value for non-dialysis CAC, with a sensitivity of 65.8% and a specificity of 80.9%. The prevalence of CAC is high in non-dialysis CKD patients, with old age and male gender being traditional risk factors for CAC occurrence. HIF-1α positively correlate with both CAC and VC, which can provide certain diagnostic values for non-dialysis CAC.