Psoriasis after exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: Clinical features of a signal from the WHO pharmacovigilance database

ACEIs 467 0.78 (0.71-0.86) 396 0.79 (0.71-0.87) 30 0.30 (0.21-0.44) 22 1.95 (1.28-2.97)*17 7.92 (4.88-12.84)* 2 e Lisinopril 132 1.85 (1.55-2.21)*103 1.70 (1.39-2.07)*16 1.33 (0.81-2.17) 2 e 11 41.40 (22.76-75.31)*Ramipril 114 1.22 (1.01-1.47)*85 1.07 (0.86-1.33) 13 0.83 (0.448-1.44) 11 6.15 (3.40-11.13)* 4 11.47 (4.29-30.68)* 1 e Enalapril 63 0.54 (0.42-0.70) 58 0.59 (0.46-0.77) 1 e 1 e 2 e 1 e Captopril 44 0.49 (0.36-0.66) 44 0.58 (0.43-0.78)Perindopril 67 1.09 (0.85-1.39) 62 1.20 (0.93-1.54) 5 4.26 (1.77-10.25)*Benazepril 14 2.23 (1.30-3.82)*13 2.45 (1.40-4.28)* 1 e Fosinopril 9 1.17 (0.60-2.27) 9 1.44 (0.68-3.05)Trandolapril 9 1.57(0.81-3.06) 7 1.44 (0.68-3.05) 2 e Quinapril 6 0.53 (0.224-1.18) 6 0.63 (0.28-1.41)Zofenopril 4 1.96 (0.72-5.36) 4 2.33 (0.85-6.37)Cilazapril 2 e 2 e Spirapril 1 e 1 e Imidapril 1 e 1 e Moexipril 1 e 1 e Antimalarials 391 1.33 (1.20-1.47)*214 0.85 (0.74-0.97) 119 2.44 (2.04-2.92)*54 9.72 (7.42-12.73)* 2 e 2 e HCQ 348 1.55 (1.39-1.73)*173 0.90 (0.77-1.04) 117 3.14 (2.62-3.77)*54 12.70 (9.70-16.65)* 2 e 2 e Chloroquine 42 0.70 (0.51-0.94) 40 0.79 (0.58-1.07) 2 e Primaquine 1 e 1 e Values in bold correspond to the number of cases resulting in statistically significant disproportionalities. Positive control corresponds to aminoquinoline antimalarial agents (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and primaquine).95%CI, 95% Confidence interval; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; ROR, reporting odds ratio.*Statistically significant disproportionality.