Tired and out of control? Effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on response inhibition under threat and no-threat conditions

Sleep deprivation negatively affected response inhibition in a selective stopping context, with stopping speed reduced following a single night of ≤2 hours of sleep. Performance-contingent threat improved response inhibition, possibly due to a prioritizing of stopping. No evidence was observed for increased threat-related responses after sleep deprivation, suggesting that sleep deprivation and threat may impact inhibitory control via independent mechanisms.