Theresimima ampellophaga (Bayle-Barelle 1809) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Procridinae): Past, present, and future of an overlooked vine pest

Research on vineyard pests is crucial for the reduction of annual yield losses and the development of sustainable methods of pest control. The vine-bud moth, Theresimima ampellophaga , has long been considered a harmful grapevine pest in the countries bordering the Mediterranean basin. The larvae feed extensively on vine leaves and buds, and records from the early 20th century indicate that even a minor infestation could halve a vine's total productivity. Despite this, it has received limited scientific attention in recent years, with limited updated information on its biology, ecology, and pest activity. Herein, we conducted a systematic literature review to consolidate all available data about the vine-bud moth into a single body of work. The gathered data revealed that this insect may not currently be as widespread and detrimental to modern vineyards as their historical reputation indicates. However, the vine-bud moth should also not be underestimated or overlooked, as its pest status is prone to evolve as climate changes. There is still a possibility that it could revert to being a major pest in the future, as factors like environmental resilience, trophic dominance and phenology are modified. We recommend a thorough reassessment of the currently available knowledge on this species to fill in knowledge gaps and clarify existing uncertainties. Additionally, there is much scope for further studies on this insect, especially in the fields of phylogenetics and behavioral ecology. • We reviewed biology, ecology and management of Theresimima ampellophaga . • Our knowledge on T. ampellophaga shows several gaps, deserving further research. • Climate change may shift its future distribution and survivability, boosting its importance as grape pest. • Research on sustainable control tools to manage this moth pest is still scanty.