Testosterone deficiency

Testosterone deficiency, or hypogonadism, occurs when the body does not produce enough testosterone, the primary male sex hormone. This can lead to physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that affect quality of life, including decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, depression, and reduced muscle mass. Causes include ageing, specific medical conditions such as diabetes, obesity, or systemic diseases, or damage to the testes. Numerous studies have indicated that testosterone levels start to decrease in men beginning in their 40s, with approximately 30% of men fitting the criteria for testosterone deficiency syndrome by the age of 70. These statistics highlight the need for awareness and management of this condition, especially among ageing males. GPs play a crucial role in diagnosing, managing, and referring cases of testosterone deficiency. This review helps GPs navigate the complexities of testosterone deficiency, ensuring patients receive appropriate care. It aligns with the GP curriculum, covering essential skills and knowledge areas, including history taking, physical examination, and screening tools, and includes a case scenario to discuss that illustrates application in general practice.