Combating Cholera Re-Emergence in Nigeria

Throughout African countries, infectious diseases have long been widespread and have been recognized as one of the main causes of death. The bacterium Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139 is the cause of cholera, an acute diarrhoeal disease that poses a significant public health risk to both adults and children. Acute, watery diarrhoea affects about 20% of infected individuals; severe diarrhoea, which includes vomiting, affects 10% to 20% of these individuals. Severe dehydration and death within hours can occur from the large loss of fluid and salt in these individuals if they are not appropriately and quickly treated. Between 28,000 and 150,000 people die from cholera each year, and there are 3 to 5 million cases worldwide. Nigeria is one of the three primary cholera hotspots in the world at the time. In 2012, Sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 71% of all cases and 86% of fatalities from the disease. This paper evaluates the literature on the occurrence of cholera in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on Nigeria. It also explains the disease's treatment options, diagnostic procedures, and containment strategies that incorporates all necessary elements including education, WASH, immunization, monitoring, and nutrition).