Performance of Agriculture Export Commodities from Afghanistan to World

This study delves into the symmetric comparative advantage of agricultural products in Afghanistan using the Balassa index from 2011 to 2021 and Cuddy-Della Valle's formula to measure instability in time series data from 2008 to 2022. The study focuses on eight agricultural product groups, with cereals, dairy products, and tobacco having a negative comparative advantage. However, the study finds that Afghanistan can focus on producing fruits, pulses, nuts, and textiles due to their positive symmetric comparative advantage over time. The study also finds that India, Iran, and other countries have a higher instability index than Pakistan in terms of agricultural export commodities from Afghanistan. The findings suggest that Afghanistan should accelerate export promotion policies, increase participation in regional trade, and improve product quality to be competitive in regional and international markets. Additionally, there is high instability in agricultural exports to India, Iran, and other countries, urging Afghanistan to take steps for smoother agricultural exports to improve its economic position.