Relaxing multiple agricultural productivity constraints at scale

No single constraint can explain the stagnant agricultural productivity growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Most interventions that relax individual barriers to productivity have delivered disappointing results. We evaluate an at-scale program that targets several productivity constraints with a bundled intervention, using a randomized controlled trial in western Kenya. Program participation increases maize yields by 26%, total maize output by 24%, and profits by 18%. While we cannot directly test whether the program’s success is due to its bundled nature, we find patterns in the data that are consistent with this hypothesis. • The One Acre Fund program raises Kenyan farmers’ maize yields by 26%, total maize output by 24%, and profits by 18%. • Results indicate that simultaneously relaxing multiple constraints to agricultural productivity is effective. • We find no evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity across different types of farmers. • Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the benefits outweigh the costs, accounting for a range of donor subsidy values.