The impact of microbiome modulation on neutrophil levels and cardiovascular disease prevention

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be a major worldwide health issue, mainly caused by in ammatory pathways.Neutrophils are crucial immune cells that have a signi cant impact on in ammation and tissue damage in the cardiovascular system.High levels of neutrophils play a key role in causing atherosclerosis, unstable plaques, and vascular damage, making high neutrophil counts a reliable indicator of higher cardiovascular disease risk.Recent research has concentrated on the gut microbiome, which is a complicated collection of microorganisms that impacts di erent bodily functions, such as immune regulation.Metabolites originating from the microbiome, like SCFAs and TMAO, can either enhance or reduce in ammation and have a notable e ect on neutrophil activity.Although the potential for microbiome-based interventions to in uence immune responses and lower the risk of CVD is impressive, numerous studies are constrained in their scope and duration, lacking a standardized method for comprehending these interactions.This review seeks to examine how changing the microbiome can a ect neutrophil behavior and in ammation, highlighting the importance of ongoing clinical research and comprehensive, multi-omics methods to fully understand the bene ts of using microbiome strategies for preventing and managing CVD.