Analysis of Wireless Communication Protocols for Enhancing the Efficiency of Cognitive Telecommunications Networks Functionality

In the study, modern protocols and their specifications were analyzed and systematized. Advantages and disadvantages were identified, which are necessary for expanding the application possibilities of cognitive radio systems. Through the analysis of the technical characteristics of cognitive radio systems, the main factors of stagnation in various technological capabilities were discovered. It has been proven that IEEE protocols provide a critically important foundation for the standardization of cognitive radio systems, facilitating their compatibility and efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum. It has been substantiated that cognitive radio systems include optimization subsystems to ensure reliable communication. Specifically, the cognitive analysis subsystem is essential for effective monitoring of the radio frequency spectrum, enabling frequency adaptation in response to spectrum occupancy. The cognitive decision-making subsystem ensures optimal resource use through rational frequency distribution and transmission parameter adjustment. Adaptation and routing play a key role in ensuring reliable data exchange, while resource management and security measures strengthen the system's integrity and protection. The research demonstrated that the multi-level integration of subsystems opens new possibilities for enhancing the efficiency of radio frequency spectrum use in dynamically changing conditions. Thus, the implementation of modern protocols and technologies in cognitive radio systems is an important step towards creating more flexible and adaptive networks capable of effectively responding to changing conditions and user requirements. The analysis presented in the article demonstrates the necessity and effectiveness of applying innovative wireless communication protocols. These protocols significantly enhance throughput capacity and spectral efficiency, which, in turn, contribute to the optimization of network operations in "smart radio" systems across various applications – from military to commercial.