Biomaterials for energy storage: Synthesis, properties, and performance

The performance, synthesis, and characteristics of bio-based systems are the main topics of this study, which investigates the possibilities of biomaterials as energy storage devices. Biomaterials like chitin, chitosan, and other biopolymers have demonstrated promise as next-generation energy storage technologies, particularly as the world’s need for sustainable energy solutions continues to rise. In batteries and supercapacitors, they are appealing substitute for conventional materials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and minimal environmental effect. The review highlights advances in biomaterial-based energy storage technologies, including improvements in conductivity, structural stability, and scalability. By integrating biomaterials into energy storage, researchers aim to create environmentally friendly systems with high performance and longevity. This review attempts to provide a thorough understanding of biomaterials’ potential in enhancing energy storage technologies toward a more sustainable future. • Highlights promising next-generation technologies like chitin, chitosan, and biopolymers. • Highlights advances in conductivity, structural stability, and scalability. • Aims for environmentally friendly, high-performance systems. • Addresses challenges like scalability, high production costs, and lower energy density. • Calls for further research into hybrid materials and advanced manufacturing processes.