Three-dimensional porous Ti supported Ni/Sb Co-doped SnO2 anode for electrocatalytic production of ozone

Electrochemical ozone (O 3 ) production (EOP) offers a promising green alternative for in situ generating high concentration, strongly oxidizing O 3 . However, its progress is hindered by low durability and poor Faradaic efficiency of the anodes. Herein, a nanosheet-structured nickel and antimony co-doped tin dioxide (Ni/Sb-SnO 2 ) is directly grown on three-dimensional porous titanium (3D-PTi), achieving enhanced EOP performance. The 3D architecture and Ni/Sb co-doping synergistically improve both activity and stability, making it a highly efficient and durable EOP anode. The Ni/Sb-SnO 2 @3D-PTi anode achieved a Faradaic efficiency above 28 % with an energy consumption of 25.44 Wh g⁻ 1 at 20 mA cm −2 in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , surpassing other SnO 2 -based comparative anodes. It maintains excellent stability for over 25 h at 100 mA cm −2 . Furthermore, the high-flow O 3 generated in situ effectively removes 97 % of tetracycline within 2 h, with a Total Organic Carbon (TOC) reduction of 66.1 %. This work demonstrates the strong potential of EOP-derived advanced oxidation processes for environmental remediation. • Ni/Sb co-doped SnO 2 has been grown on 3D-porous Ti support. • Ni and Sb dopants augment the electron mobility, conductivity, and oxygen vacancies. • The 3D anode displays outstanding activity, selectivity and durability for ozone production. • The real-time on-site produced ozone is used to efficiently degrade tetracycline.