Limosilactobacillus reuteri B1/1 modulated the intestinal immune response in preventing Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 infection in a chicken ileal explant model

In this study, we observed the effect of the newly isolated probiotic strain Limosilactobacillus reuteri B1/1 on the relative gene expression of selected cytokines (interleukin-15, transforming growth factor-β4), tight junction proteins (E-cadherin, occludin), biomarker active intestinal stem cells - LGR5 (leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor), markers of mucosal intestinal immunity (mucin-2, immunoglobulin A), as well as the creation of a new biomarker of inflammation in the intestine - calprotectin on an ex vivo model of chicken ileal explant in the prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 infection. The ability of L. reuteri B1/1 to effectively modulate the mucosal immune response under pretreatment conditions in S. Enteritidis PT4 infection in a chicken ileal explant model was confirmed. In addition, our obtained results point to the fact that the new chicken ileum explant model could be a suitable model to investigate or test the influence of natural substances such as probiotic bacteria in the interaction with the intestine as well as pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, the results of our study may contribute to a deeper understanding of the action of newly isolated probiotic bacteria at the intestinal level using ex vivo models such as chicken ileum explant, which are able to mimic in vivo conditions sufficiently.