Low-Carbon Economic Dispatching of Wind-Solar-Storage Virtual Power Plant Under Uncertainty and Stepped Carbon Pricing

In response to the growing need for economic efficiency and carbon reduction in energy systems, the paper presents a novel low-carbon economic dispatch model for Virtual Power Plant (VPP) integrating wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, and energy storage under a stepped carbon price. The model addresses uncertainties in wind and solar power outputs, improving dispatch accuracy. By introducing a tiered carbon trading scheme, carbon emission intervals are segmented, and both operational energy and carbon trading costs are incorporated to optimize economic and low-carbon performance. The model's effectiveness is validated through various scheduling scenarios, showcasing significant improvements in carbon reduction and economic outcomes. These findings provide critical insights and recommendations for VPP operators and policymakers to balance economic efficiency and environmental sustain ability in energy markets.