The Biomass Use for Heat Supply. A Study Case for the Republic of Moldova

Biomass, as a renewable energy source, includes organic materials like wood and agricultural and animal waste. It can be categorized by origin, state (solid, liquid, gas), and usage (fuel, biofuels). In the Republic of Moldova, biomass has a significant potential for home heating, electricity production, and use in agriculture as a natural fertilizer. Biomass heat energy supply systems are implemented at different levels, including heat plants, biogas systems, and individual stoves. The Republic of Moldova has seen an increase in the use of biomass for two decades, supported by subsidy and financing programs, pilot projects, and demonstrations. However, challenges remain, especially in infrastructure and technical expertise. Considering the current situation in the Republic of Moldova, where the residential sector accounts for 50.2% of final energy consumption, it is clear that this sector is the country’s largest energy consumer. Biomass, therefore, plays a crucial role in enhancing energy security and promoting sustainable development. Thus, the agricultural sector has considerable potential to cover energy resources by providing biofuel for heat production and supply to the residential sector. This potential is about 31.6 PJ, which can cover 68% of the residential sector’s heat demand.