Study of a Hybrid System (PV-Battery-Grid) for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Electric mobility is a growing trend, necessitating innovative and efficient systems to support Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. This paper presents a robust hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-battery-grid system that integrates renewable energy with smart energy management to address intermittency and grid dependence. The system uses a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller to optimize energy extraction from PV panels, ensuring optimal utilization even under variable weather conditions. It also incorporates a battery storage unit and three-phase grid connectivity for uninterrupted power for EV charging. The study uses real-world data from Iasi, Romania, focusing on some representative EV models. The system’s ability to adapt to fluctuating energy demands and optimize distribution between PV generation, battery storage, and the grid is confirmed through dynamic simulations. The inclusion of three-phase rectification improves power stability and equipment longevity. The proposed hybrid system can reduce dependency on fossil fuels, enhance energy security, and provide a scalable framework for future EV charging infrastructures.