Green and Low Carbon Load Side Carbon Emission Measurement in Power Systems Based on Opportunity Constraints

In the context of global warming, traditional carbon measurement methods have failed to completely capture the carbon emission dynamics of the power system under various operating states, resulting in biased carbon emission data. Moreover, there is still significant research space for measurement models on the power load side. To improve the accuracy and real-time performance of carbon emission measurement, this study designs a power system load side carbon emission measurement model based on opportunity constraints. The proposed model is built on opportunity constraints and fairness principles to allocate carbon emission responsibilities on the load side. On this basis, considering the dynamic characteristics of the power system, a two-stage carbon emission measurement model is raised, which uses dynamic carbon emission measurement method and node carbon potential method to calculate carbon emissions in the first and second stages, respectively. The outcomes validated that the carbon emissions of Unit 1 in the fixed carbon emission factor model were 620.07 tons, while they were reduced to 470.11 tons in the proposed model. After implementing demand response measures, the total carbon emissions of the system during peak electricity usage decreased by 3130 kg. The fixed carbon emission factor econometric model, traditional carbon market model, and the proposed model resulted in a total carbon emissions of 18306.61 tons, 16939.79 tons, and 19045.21 tons, respectively. Therefore, the proposed model performs better in regulating demand, can more accurately measure carbon emissions on the load side of the power system, and contribute to promoting green and low-carbon development of the energy system.