A Model for Economic and Environmental-Friendly Load Control in Commercial Parks

In the context of a new electricity system, balancing supply and demand is critical, and commercial parks with large adjustable loads offer an effective solution. This study proposes establishing an Energy Hub (EH) architecture in commercial parks to integrate natural gas power generation, photovoltaic and wind power generation, surplus electricity grid connection, and various energy-consuming devices. This architecture incorporates energy storage to manage the uncertain output of solar and wind power.Retail electricity prices and carbon subsidy prices are utilized to guide commercial parks in demand response. An automatic demand response model for electricity load and carbon emissions is established based on time-of-use electricity prices and carbon quotas. Considering the uncertainty of wind and solar power, an energy optimization operation model is developed to minimize operating costs and environmental impact. This model is simplified and formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem, solved using the CPLEX solver.A case study comparing three scenarios demonstrates that the proposed control model effectively reduces electricity costs, coordinates multiple energy sources, meets demand response requirements, reduces carbon emissions, and achieves peak shaving and valley filling for electricity loads.