A Market-Based Bidding and Scheduling Model for Architectural Virtual Power Plants in the Carbon-Electricity-Reserve Joint Market

To exploit the potential of carbon emission reduction in building clusters, the paper proposes a two-level stochastic bidding model for architectural virtual power plants (AVPP) in electricity and carbon joint markets. The upper-level model is a two-stage decision-making model for AVPP: the first stage involves making bidding decisions and submitting to the trading center while the second stage focuses on low-carbon scheduling of internal equipment in the AVPP. Considering the dual control of carbon emissions: constraints on total carbon emissions and carbon intensity, the lower-level model carries out joint clearing of carbon, electric and reserve markets. This paper considers the impact of renewable energy uncertainty on AVPP bidding and describes it through multiple scenario simulation methods. Simulation analysis indicates that the proposed method can effectively help AVPP mitigate the uncertainties of renewable. By bidding in the carbon-electricity joint market, AVPP can obtain additional benefits while satisfying various energy demands.