Comparative Analysis of Classical and AI-Based MPPT Techniques in Stand-Alone PV Systems: Perturb and Observe, Incremental Conductance, and Fuzzy Logic

The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems depends on the effectiveness of the MPPT techniques. This paper outlines a comparative analysis of conventional and AI MPPT techniques in stand-alone PV systems, focusing on Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IC), and Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC). These techniques are implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and are used to change the duty cycle of the boost converter to extract the maximum power of photovoltaic modules. This work aims to evaluate these techniques in terms of implementation complexity and their impact on the performance and efficiency of PV systems under varying environmental conditions. The findings demonstrate that whereas conventional techniques offer simplicity and ease of implementation, AI-based techniques improve overall efficiency and flexibility, especially in dynamic environmental conditions