Flexible Expansion Planning of Power Grid Considering Inter-Regional Spatio-Temporal Transferable Loads

The uncertainty brought by large-scale integration of renew-able energy into the grid poses challenges to power system planning and stable operation. To address this issue, further utilization of flexible demand resources is needed, including Internet Data Centers (IDCs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) with spatio-temporal flexibility. This paper proposes a flexi-ble planning bi-level model considering the spatio-temporal transferability of IDCs and EVs. The upper level is a multi-objective flexible planning layer, while the lower level is a scheduling layer considering spatio-temporal transferability. Simulation results demonstrate that leveraging the spatio-temporal transferability of demand-side resources can opti-mize power flow distribution, reduce the number of pending power grid constructions, lower investment costs in the pow-er system, shift peak loads, and alleviate potential grid con-gestion.