Bi-Level Optimal Planning and Scheduling Model for Energy Storage Systems in the Market Environment

In recent years, energy storage systems (ESS) have grown rapidly due to their advantages of flexible configuration, fast response speed, combined charging and discharging capabilities. In addition, it has been clearly stated both domestically and internationally that ESS can participate in the electricity market as an independent entity. Therefore, a bi-level optimal planning and scheduling model for ESS in the market environment is proposed. The upper-level model is the ESS's daily revenue model while taking into account its investment cost. The lower-level model is the electricity market clearing model. Then, the solution method for the bi-level model is introduced. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed planning and scheduling model for ESS.