Energy Storage Allocation Methods for Low-Carbon Operation of Distribution Networks

This paper discusses the cost modelling of energy storage configurations in distribution networks to meet carbon reduction targets. Key factors such as capacity cost (investment per kWh) and power cost (investment per kW) are examined, and a formula for calculating the average daily investment cost over the system life cycle is presented. A case study using wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) installations in an IEEE 33-node distribution system aims to minimise daily operating costs, carbon emissions, and peak-to-valley arbitrage. Optimisation was performed using the Gurobi solver in MATLAB 2022, assuming energy storage costs of RMB 1.5 million per MWh and RMB 1 million per MW. The study's objective function includes carbon emission cost, energy storage allocation cost, and peak-valley arbitrage benefit. The paper demonstrates the cost-benefit trade-offs through optimisation, providing valuable insights into the design and optimisation of future distribution networks.