Numerical optimization of all-inorganic CsSnBr₃ perovskite solar cells: the observation of 27% power conversion efficiency

Abstract In this research, we employed SCAPS-1D simulation software to numerically optimize the performance of four CsSnBr 3 -based perovskite solar cell structures. Specifically, we analyzed the FTO/ZnO/CsSnBr 3 /rGO/Se, FTO/AlZnO/CsSnBr 3 /rGO/Se, FTO/LiTiO 2 /CsSnBr 3 /rGO/Se, and FTO/WS 2 /CsSnBr 3 /rGO/Se configurations. The optimization process focused on adjusting the thicknesses of the electron transport layer, hole transport layer, and perovskite layer, while also evaluating the effects of temperature, series resistance, and shunt resistance on the J sc , V oc , FF, and PCE. As a result, we achieved PCE of 26.92%, 26.89%, 26.89%, and 26.91% for the FTO/AlZnO, FTO/ZnO, FTO/LiTiO 2 , and FTO/WS 2 -based structures, respectively. Furthermore, the PCE obtained for all CsSnBr 3 -based perovskite solar cell structures outperformed the recently reported ITO/WS 2 /CsSnBr 3 /Cu 2 O/Au perovskite solar cell, which exhibited the highest PCE in the literature, by nearly 5%.