An integrated literature review on the adoption and diffusion of multicapital accounting innovations

Purpose This study aims to provide an integrated review of the literature on the diffusion, adoption and implementation of multicapital accounting (MCA) innovations. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes a sample of 68 articles collected from 21 peer-reviewed journals. An integrated model of the diffusion, adoption and implementation of MCA innovations is developed and used to frame data collection, content analysis and the critical synthesis of findings. Findings The involvement of various key actors, including academics, regulatory agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and businesses, is crucial in the diffusion of MCA innovations as they provide resources, promote legitimacy and drive the adoption process through regulation, advocacy, tool design and capacity building. The adoption of MCA innovations is significantly influenced by their perceived relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability and trialability. Organizations may adopt MCA innovations due to rational motives, regulatory requirements or to gain legitimacy by imitating peers. Larger firms with better financial performance and strong corporate sustainability responsibility (CSR) practices are more likely to adopt MCA innovations due to greater resources and exposure to stakeholder pressures. The implementation of MCA innovations often proceeds incrementally, requiring alignment with organizational routines, top management support and consistent use. Successful integration into organizational practices necessitates a culture that values sustainability alongside financial metrics. Practical implications This study provides several practical and societal implications. For practitioners, understanding the key drivers of adoption, such as perceived advantages and compatibility with existing organizational processes, can help in designing and implementing more effective MCA strategies. For instance, companies can benefit from training programs and workshops to reduce perceived complexity and enhance trialability. Additionally, regulatory bodies can create supportive policies and incentives to encourage voluntary adoption and improve compliance rates. On a societal level, the broader adoption of MCA innovations can lead to more comprehensive and transparent reporting of both financial and non-financial performance, which in turn enhances stakeholder trust and engagement. This transparency can drive societal benefits by promoting greater accountability and encouraging sustainable business practices. Social implications On a societal level, the broader adoption of MCA innovations can lead to more comprehensive and transparent reporting of both financial and nonfinancial performance, which in turn enhances stakeholder trust and engagement. This transparency can drive societal benefits by promoting greater accountability and encouraging sustainable business practices. Originality/value This paper contributes to the emerging research on MCA by offering a systematic review that integrates various perspectives on the diffusion, adoption and implementation of MCA innovations. It provides a nuanced understanding of the dynamics influencing MCA practices and suggests avenues for future research.