Foreign experience of the use of physical force measures by police officers during the performance of office duties

This article examines the foreign experience of police use of physical force during the performance of their duties, specifically in countries such as the United Kingdom, Georgia, Austria, and Germany. It analyzes the key principles governing the use of physical force in these countries, emphasizing proportionality, necessity, and the legitimacy of law enforcement actions. The study of the specifics of each country allows for the identification of common approaches and differences in legislation, practice, and culture that influence the application of coercive measures. In the United Kingdom, attention is paid to preventive methods and adherence to the principle of proportionality, while Georgia emphasizes the importance of police training and clear regulation. The Austrian model highlights the justification of police actions and the protection of the rights of detainees, whereas the German system provides mechanisms for compensation for damages incurred. The results of the study indicate the need to adapt international experience to Ukrainian realities to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies and strengthen public trust in the police. The article may be useful for developing recommendations for improving national legislation in the area of physical force application.