Barriers and Limitations in Protocols to Protect the Right to Property in Sporting Events from the Perspective of the SDGs

Objective: The study examined the barriers and limitations in current protocols to protect the right to property in sporting events, considering the importance of citizen safety and the need to improve the effectiveness of such protocols under a systematic review model. Theoretical Framework: The right to property is a fundamental human right, widely recognized in both national legislation and international instruments. From a historical perspective, the right to property has been a fundamental axis in the development of civil law and has been closely linked to the protection of individual freedom and economic development. Method: A basic, non-experimental, descriptive and systematic review study was considered, 18 articles from three high-impact and citation databases (Scopus, Web Of Science, Doaj) were systematized. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the lack of inter-institutional coordination, the limited training of security personnel, and the insufficient technological infrastructure constitute the main barriers that hinder the effective protection of property in sporting events. Research Implications: It was concluded that the implementation of a comprehensive approach, which includes improved coordination, specific training and the use of advanced technologies, would contribute to overcoming these limitations and optimizing the efficiency of security protocols in sporting events. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by examining the barriers and limitations in protocols for protecting property rights specifically in the context of sporting events, an area that has received limited academic attention. The research offers an innovative approach by combining a systematic review of high-impact databases with a focus on how security protocols align with the objectives of sustainable development (SDGs), particularly in terms of ensuring justice and strong institutions (ODS 16).