MS‐IS Hypoplastic Model Considering Stiffness Degradation Under Cyclic Loading Conditions

ABSTRACT Modelling the cyclic response of granular materials is key in the design of several geostructures. Over the years, numerous constitutive models have been proposed to predict the cyclic behaviour of granular materials. However, pertaining to the hypoplastic constitutive models, one of the significant limitations is their inability to accurately predict the geomechanical response during the unloading and reloading phases. This study introduces an extension of the MS‐IS hypoplastic model designed to enhance the predictions during non‐monotonic loading conditions. Addressing the limitations observed in the hypoplastic models during the unloading and reloading phases, the proposed model incorporates an additional stiffness feature. This new stiffness function is integrated into the foundational framework to enhance the model's overall stiffness response. For the unloading phase, the introduction of a stiffness degradation factor aims to modify the volumetric response and account for the realistic stiffness degradation. Additionally, for the reloading phase, stiffness is now a function of the mean effective stress. The novel model's performance is validated against experimental data, encompassing diverse loading and boundary conditions.